Ӣѭ ШӨѧѴ
صˡ˹ ӻ ع͡
ѧѴͧ㹾鹷½觷Ҥѹͧ͡ ҧҡا ժ½觷ǻҳ ͷ , ҧ 鹷ǹ˭繷ҺѺѺԹ ÷ ǹоתҹҪԴ ͧصˡ 繷駢ͧçþѲҾ鹷½觷ŵѹ͡ դӤѭ͡þѲɰԨͧ ͧͧǪ·ŷӤѭ 觡ûͧ͡ Сͺ ͧͧ ŧ ͺҹ ͺҹҧ ͻǡᴧ ѧѹ Ҫ СԤѲ
ͧ ҡ㹾ǴͻվطѡҪ Ѫ¢ͧ稾ҸҪ اظ ѹɰҹͧ͵駢ͻҳվطѡҪ ؤҹҾͧᶺԹᴹó ҡҡѡҹ ͫҡŧ ٤·ѧŧࢵͺҹ ѹŻСáҧẺ
ѵʵǶ֧ͧͧ ҧاظ·繤駷 Ѫ¢ͧ ͡ȹ վطѡҪ Ǫûҡ ;ҵҡ Żҳ սǧѾ شѡŷͧͧԹѾѧͧѹ ִ繷㹡áͺҾ ҡ㹻վطѡҪ
ҳࢵ
˹ Դࢵ˹ͧ˭ ͺͷͧ Ҫ ѧѴź
ԴѺ
ȵѹ͡ Դࢵͷ ѧѴѹ
ȵѹ Դࢵѵպ ͺҧا ѧѴź
Թҧ
ö¹ ö鹷ҧ鹷ҧ
鹷ҧá ҧǧŢ (آԷ) ҡا ҹͺҧ ͺҧС ѧѴź ҧʹ Ҫ ѷ Ҵ¹ ѵպ ͺҹҧ 仨֧ͧ ѧѴͧ зҧҳ
鹷ҧ ҧǧŢ (ҧ-Ҵ) ҡçششҧǹҹ ͺҧ ҹͺҧ ͺҧ ѧѴطûҡ ͡ѺҧǧŢ ÷ ͺҧС ѧѴԧ ѧҡ鹨мҹ鹷ҧǡѹѺ鹷ҧ зҧҳ
鹷ҧ ҧǧŢ (¾ ) ҡا 鹷ҧǡѺ鹷ҧ ֧÷ ͺҧا ѧѴź ǫ鹷ҧǧŢ ҡԹҧѧѧѴͧ зҧ зҧҳ
鹷ҧ ҧǧŢ (ºҹ֧-ŧ) ҡѧѴź ҹͺҹ֧ ˹ͧ˭ ѧѹ شŧ зҧ (ا-ź ) 鹷ҧѺͧԹҧѧ觷ͧࢵŧ ԹҧѧѧѴѹ ͨѧѴҴ ҡͧ÷Թҧͧ ѧѴͧ 鹷ҧǧŢ Ѻաҳ
鹷ҧ ҧǧŢ () ҡѲҡ ࢵ ا ش ѧѴź зҧ ҡҧǧŢ зҧ ֧ͧ ѧѴͧ зҧҳ
öûШӷҧ ҡ ʶҹբµѹ͡ (͡) öШӷҧ仨ѧѴͧ ͵ҧ 㹨ѧѴ鹷ҧ ¡ا-ͧ, ҹ, ŧ, , ҺҾش, 繵 ͺ´ . ʶҹԹö ѧѴͧ . պѷԹö͡觺ԡ 鹷ҧ ѷ ͧ . Ңͧ . - ѷ Դ ا . Ңͧ .
ҡʶҹբͪԵ ᾧྪ öûШӷҧö öѺҡȪ ͪԵ-ͧ ͡ء .-. . Թҧҳ ͺ´ . ǹöѺҡȷ鹷ҧ ͡ .-. . Թҧ ͺ´ ѷ ѵ ا . Ңͧ . -
ԹҧѧѧѴ
պԡöШӷҧ͡ҡʶҹբ觨ѧѴͧѧѧѴҧ ѹ ź ԧ Ҫ § ˹ͧ غҪҹ 繵 ͺ´ ʶҹԹö ѧѴͧ .
Թҧ㹨ѧѴͧ
Թҧ㹨ѧѴǹ˭öͧǨҡdzʶҹբͧѧʶҹҧ ͧ-ҺҾش-ҹҧ, ͧ-ҹ, ͧ-ҴӾ֧-ҹ, ͧ-ҡͧ, ͧ-ҹ-ǹʹ-, ͧ-ŧ (ҹ) ѵҤҧ - ҷ
͵ҧ㹨ѧѴͧ ͧͧ ҹҧ ŧ ѧѹ ҹ ǡᴧ Ҫ ԤѲ ҢҵӺҺ
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